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September 20, 2024

Bob the Drag Queen Wikipedia

The line between the middlegame and the endgame is often not clear, and may occur gradually or with a quick exchange of pieces. The endgame, however, tends to have different characteristics from the middlegame, and the players have correspondingly different strategic concerns. In particular, pawns become more important as endgames often revolve around attempts to promote a pawn by advancing it to the eighth rank. The king, which normally is kept safe during the game,1 becomes active in the endgame, as it can help escort pawns to promotion, attack enemy pawns, protect other pieces, and restrict the movement of the enemy king.
A rook pawn is an exception because the king may not be able to get out of the way of its pawn. Nimzowitch once said that a passed pawn has a “lust to expand”. The point of this is a deflection – while the defending king is preventing the outside passed pawn from queening, the attacking king wins pawns on the other side.
Two rooks plus one pawn versus a queen is also generally drawn. All chess positions with up to seven pieces on the board have been solved by endgame tablebases,2 so the outcome (win, loss, or draw) of best play by both sides in such positions is known, and endgame textbooks teach this best play. However, most endgames are not solved, and even those which are can be difficult for humans to play, so textbooks teach useful strategies and tactics about them. The body of chess theory devoted to endgames is known as endgame theory. Compared to opening theory, which changes frequently, giving way to middlegame positions that fall in and out of popularity, endgame theory is less subject to change.

Endings with no pawns

Endgames are usually classified based on the type of pieces that remain.

Chess endgame

  • If the opposing bishops go on the same color of square, the mobility of the bishops is a crucial factor.
  • A rook pawn is an exception because the king may not be able to get out of the way of its pawn.
  • Two rooks plus one pawn versus a queen is also generally drawn.
  • Endings with bishops of opposite color, meaning that one bishop works on the light squares, the other one working on dark squares, are notorious for their drawish character.
  • The body of chess theory devoted to endgames is known as endgame theory.
  • Bishop and pawn endgames come in two distinctly different variants.

The two pieces have the advantage if the opponent’s pawns are weak. Initiative is more important in this endgame than any other. The general outcome can be broken down by the number of pawns.

Extended plays

Thus the endgame where White has bishop and rook and Black has a rook can be written KBRKR if no castling rights exist or KBRKR_Kq if White may castle on the king’s side and Black may castle on the queen’s side. In case the position also has two or more bishops the castling signature follows the bishop signature as in KBBNKRR_1100_kq. In positions with one or more rooks on the board and where one or both players have one or both castling rights, a castling signature may be Queen win added to indicate which castling rights exist.

Rook and pawn versus rook

Not all chess games reach an endgame; some of them end earlier. Endings with bishops of opposite color, meaning that one bishop works on the light squares, the other one working on dark squares, are notorious for their drawish character. Many players in a poor position have saved themselves from a loss by trading down to such an endgame. They are often drawn even when one side has a two-pawn advantage, since the weaker side can create a blockade on the squares on which his bishop operates. The weaker side should often try to make their bishop bad by placing their pawns on the same color of their bishop in order to defend their remaining pawns, thereby creating an impregnable fortress. In queen and pawn endings, passed pawns have paramount importance, because the queen can escort it to the queening square alone.

Effect of tablebases on endgame theory

The tactics of triangulation and zugzwang as well as the theory of corresponding squares are often decisive. Many endgame studies have been composed; they consist of endgame positions which are solved by finding a win for White when there is no obvious way to win, or finding a draw when White appears to lose. In some compositions, the starting position would be unlikely to occur in an actual game; but if the starting position is not artificial, the composition may be incorporated into endgame theory. In an endgame, two minor pieces are approximately equivalent to a rook plus one pawn.
Bishop and pawn endgames come in two distinctly different variants. If the opposing bishops go on the same color of square, the mobility of the bishops is a crucial factor. A bad bishop is one that is hemmed in by pawns of its own color, and has the burden of defending them. For example, if White has a king and pawn, and Black has only a king, the endgame is classified KPK.

The method is to use a one to four character suffix formed by omitting up to three characters from the string KQkq. Opposition is an important technique that is used to gain an advantage. When two kings are in opposition, they are on the same file (or rank) with one empty square separating them. That player must move the king and allow the opponent’s king to advance. However, the opposition is a means to an end, which is penetration into the enemy position. The attacker should try to penetrate with or without the opposition.

  • The general outcome can be broken down by the number of pawns.
  • In some compositions, the starting position would be unlikely to occur in an actual game; but if the starting position is not artificial, the composition may be incorporated into endgame theory.
  • The king, which normally is kept safe during the game,1 becomes active in the endgame, as it can help escort pawns to promotion, attack enemy pawns, protect other pieces, and restrict the movement of the enemy king.
  • The two pieces have the advantage if the opponent’s pawns are weak.
  • Many endgame studies have been composed; they consist of endgame positions which are solved by finding a win for White when there is no obvious way to win, or finding a draw when White appears to lose.
  • All chess positions with up to seven pieces on the board have been solved by endgame tablebases,2 so the outcome (win, loss, or draw) of best play by both sides in such positions is known, and endgame textbooks teach this best play.
  • In an endgame, two minor pieces are approximately equivalent to a rook plus one pawn.

Two of the most common pawnless endgames (when the defense has a piece in addition to the king) are (1) a queen versus a rook and (2) a rook and bishop versus a rook. A queen wins against a rook — see Queen versus rook endgame. A rook and bishop versus a rook is generally a theoretical draw, but the defense is difficult and there are winning positions (see Rook and bishop versus rook endgame). Without pawns this is normally drawn, but either side wins in some positions. A queen and pawn are normally equivalent to two rooks, which is usually a draw if both sides have an equal number of additional pawns.

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